Breast Cancer in Punjabi Women

In Punjab, from 2019 to 2023, there was a 10% increase in cases of breast cancer, the most common cancer found in Punjabi women. Indian women are more likely to be diagnosed with breast cancer at a younger age and at more advanced stages, and the number of diagnoses is increasing. 

There are many reasons behind this disparity. Modern diets are higher in saturated fats, processed carbohydrates, and sugar, all of which increase breast cancer risk. Industrialization has increased exposure to air pollution, which is also associated with higher risk. 

Another unique cause of high cancer rates is the excessive use of pesticides in rural areas. Punjab is the highest per-capita user of pesticides in India, and as these harmful chemicals accumulate in water, food, and animals, they eventually end up in the human body. Testing of removed breast tumors of 120 women from Malwa, Punjab, found high levels of carcinogenic metals, likely introduced to the body through the environment or diet. 

Another big issue is the lack of medical attention or cancer screening, due to stigma and high costs. One study found that 0.3% of the population of Punjab’s women participate in breast cancer screening programs, compared to India’s average of 0.9%. Punjabi culture still stigmatizes women’s bodies and health, especially relating to reproduction, discouraging them from speaking up about pains, lumps, and abnormalities, or seeking help from male doctors. One study of narratives from Punjabi women with breast cancer found a common theme of their cancer being considered “just another health problem”, encouraging them to disregard their concerns and pains. Even if women overcome social taboos, the costs of screening and necessary treatments may still discourage them from getting help. 

So, what can you do to lower your risk of breast cancer? Many factors increasing risk are systemic, like pollutants, lower access to screenings and affordable care in rural areas, and social stigma. However, there are still changes you can make. Prioritize a more balanced diet with whole foods, and eat sugar and fats in moderation. Visit the doctor regularly for health screenings, and learn how to perform simple breast self-exams. Be proactive and tell family members if you have unusual pain or lumps anywhere. By talking openly, we can break stigmas, empowering Punjabi women to advocate for and take control of their health. 

Written by Harjyot Kaur